Leçon 11 de 27
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La loi du carré inverse (suite)

Savez-vous pourquoi les ondes lumineuses ont une vitesse définie. 

C’est parce qu’elles rencontrent de la matière (particules dans l’air) qui fait que les ondes lumineuses se brisent et se dispersent.

C’est pourquoi les ondes lumineuses voyagent beaucoup plus loin dans l’espace ; l’espace est un vide.

Afin de vous aider à comprendre le diagramme ci-dessus, nous allons voir quelques scénarios de prises de vues… 

– Vous êtes à l’extérieur et vous photographiez un sujet qui se tient à 3 mètres devant vous. Le soleil est votre source de lumière et se trouve dans votre dos. Vous avez un ciel légèrement couvert. La cellule de votre appareil photo indique une exposition de f/16 à 1/125e. 
Mais ensuite, vous décidez de déplacer l’appareil photo à moins d’un mètre du sujet. 
Quelle devra être l’ouverture correcte maintenant ? C’est toujours f/16 !
Vous avez changé la distance entre l’appareil photo et le sujet, mais vous n’avez pas changé la ” lumière ” pour la distance du sujet. 

– Vous êtes à l’extérieur et vous photographiez un sujet qui se tient à 3 mètres devant vous. Le soleil est derrière votre sujet. 
Vous utilisez un flash électronique comme source principale de lumière, en raison du contre-jour sur le sujet. 
Vous réglez le flash en mode manuel et déterminez que la meilleure exposition indique un diaphragme de f/16. 
Vous demandez ensuite au sujet de s’éloigner de vous – il sera donc plus loin du flash. 
Quelle sera l’ouverture correcte maintenant ? L’ouverture correcte est f/8. 
La principale source de lumière pour éclairer votre sujet est votre flash, qui est maintenant à 6 mètres du sujet. 
Vous avez donc doublé la distance entre la source de lumière au sujet.


– Vous photographiez un sujet qui se tient à 3 mètres devant vous. Votre source de lumière est un flash portable monté sur un support qui est placé à trois mètres à droite du sujet. 
D’après votre appareil de mesure et un essai, une exposition correcte indique une ouverture de f/8. 
Cependant, vous décidez que la lumière sur le sujet serait meilleure si elle était plus proche. Vous déplacez donc la source lumineuse à 1,5 m du sujet. 
Quel devra être votre nouveau diaphragme pour une exposition correcte ? C’est f/16 !
Vous réduisez la distance entre la source de lumière et le sujet, ce qui équivaut à une augmentation de 2 diaphragmes de l’ouverture.


– Vous photographiez un sujet debout à 3 mètres devant vous. Votre source de lumière est un flash portable monté sur l’appareil photo.
Une exposition correcte indique un diaphragme de f/16. 
Mais, vous décidez d’utiliser la tête pivotante de votre flash et de faire rebondir la lumière du flash sur un plafond blanc à 3 mètres de haut. 
Quel serait le bon diaphragme maintenant ? 
La lumière parcourt une distance de 3 mètres jusqu’au plafond. Elle est ensuite réfléchie et parcourt une autre distance de 3 mètres vers le bas jusqu’au sujet : donc une distance totale de 6 mètres. L’ouverture correcte est f/8. 
Dans ce cas, d’autres facteurs peuvent affecter l’exposition, comme la qualité de réflexion de la surface du plafond.

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